Investigating the Effect of Temperature on the Solubility Product Constant (Ksp) of Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate

This investigation explores how temperature variations between 30.0°C and 70.0°C affect the solubility product constant (Ksp) of sodium tetraborate decahydrate. Using acid-base titration of saturated solutions with standardized HCl, the molar solubility was determined at five temperature intervals.

The study utilizes a Van't Hoff plot (ln(Ksp) vs. 1/T) to derive thermodynamic parameters, finding a positive enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°), confirming the endothermic, entropy-driven nature of the dissolution. The exemplar is distinguished by its rigorous uncertainty propagation, detailed error analysis of the regression gradient, and a comprehensive evaluation of experimental limitations and methodological improvements.